In the Greek, there are four different words for love. "Agape" and "phileo" were the two used the most often. Agape refers to an unconditional love, a love that goes beyond a feeling; it's love that is there not just in the good times, but the bad as well. Agape love also has the connotation of a love that requires sacrifice. The most famous wedding passage, 1 Corinthians 13:4-13 - the one that starts by saying, "Love is patient, love is kind..." - is referring to an agape love. God's love for us is most commonly thought of as agape love. God loves us unconditionally, sacrificially, at all times no matter what.
Phileo refers to an affectionate, or brotherly, love. That's why the city of Philadelphia is known as the city of brotherly love. This is the type of love that close friends have for one another. It is a companionable and relational type of love.
The exchange between Peter and Jesus uses both types of love. Let's take another look at John 21:15-17.
When they had finished eating, Jesus said to Simon Peter, "Simon son of John, do you AGAPE love me more than these?" "Yes, Lord," he said "you know that I PHILEO love you" Jesus said, "Feed my lambs." Again Jesus said, "Simon son of John, do you AGAPE love me?" He answered, "Yes, Lord, you know that I PHILEO love you." Jesus said, "Take care of my sheep." The third time he said to him, "Simon son of John, do you PHILEO love me?" Peter was hurt because Jesus asked him the third time, "Do you PHILEO love me?" He said, "Lord, you know all things; you know that I PHILEO love you." Jesus said, "Feed my sheep."
In the first two instances Jesus used the word agape and yet Peter returned with phileo. Finally, asking for the third time, Jesus changes to phileo. In this instance, we can see that Peter was hurt. But even while grieving, he responds back with a phileo declaration of love.
What Peter needed was to be reminded that even in his failure to agape and phileo Jesus, the Lord never failed to agape and phileo him. What we need to be reminded of today is that God doesn't need us to right all of our wrongs. He's already paid the price in full for us. Jesus agape's us. Jesus phileo's us. You are forgiven.
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